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Courses | B.A. in Liberal Studies, Elementary Education

Below are some of the courses you'll have an opportunity to take as a student in this program. Take a look at the list below to get an idea of the types of available courses. Also, be sure to review core curriculum requirements and the official program requirements in the Biola University catalog.

Note: This list is intended to give you a quick glimpse into the program's academic offerings, and should not be used as a guide for course selection or academic advising.

General Education

An introduction to the history of visual art, art criticism and aesthetics; a visual analysis of works of art; comparative studies on selected paintings and sculptures. Notes: Approved for Core Curriculum Fine Arts credit. Grade Mode: A.

A survey of biological principles including: the cell, zoology, ecology, human anatomy, genetics, and origin of life theories. Notes: No lab is required, but BIOS 110 is the lab course designed to accompany this course. BIOS 100 without the lab (110) will not receive transfer credit at most other universities. Approved for Core Curriculum Science credit. Cannot be taken to fulfill elective requirements for these majors: Bio Sci: Secondary Instruction (BISI), Human Biology (BIHB), Biological Science (BIOS), Biochemistry (BCHM) or Environmental Science (BIES). Grade Mode: A.

Observational and investigative approach to surveying a range of biological organisms and examining selected human systems. Notes: Three hours lab, one hour lecture/discussion designed to be taken with BIOS 100. Approved for Core Curriculum Science Credit. Cannot be taken to fulfill elective requirements for these majors: Bio Sci: Secondary Instruction (BISI), Human Biology (BIHB), Biological Science (BIOS), Biochemistry (BCHM) or Environmental Science (BIES). Grade Mode: A.

Highlights in the development of World civilization with an overview of Western, Asian, African and Latin American civilizations to 1500. Examination of comparative cultural contributions made in the arts, sciences, government and religions. Includes regional geographic studies. Notes: Approved for Core Curriculum World History credit. Grade Mode: A.

A survey of U.S. History from the time of European settlement, to the colonial period, to independence from Britain, the formation of the republic and the constitution, the issues of the early 1800s, and the Civil War.

The course provides students from diverse backgrounds with opportunities to consider their own health and wellness. Through a range of different learning experiences, the class considers issues from contemporary society that confront their health, well-being and quality of life.

Understanding, planning programs and implementing a range of fundamental movement and fitness activities designed for the elementary child: preparation for the upper-division methods course.

Problem solving, set theory, whole numbers, number theory, integers, rational numbers as fractions, decimals, percents, and real numbers. Use of manipulatives. Notes: Cannot be counted toward the Mathematics major. Grade Mode: A.
Elements of music and media of performance in historical perspective. Provides basic background in music literature. Notes: For the non-music major. Approved for Core Curriculum Fine Arts credit. Grade Mode: A.
A general introduction to logic covering both deductive and inductive inference, and the analysis of arguments in ordinary language. Notes: Approved for Core Curriculum Philosophy credit. Grade Mode: A.
A general introduction to the nature, problems, methods, concepts, and divisions of philosophy. Notes: Approved for Core Curriculum Philosophy credit. Grade Mode: A.
An introduction to philosophy through a study of the principal ethical theories and thinkers; basic ethical problems and related biblical teaching. Notes: Approved for Core Curriculum Philosophy credit. Grade Mode: A.
A survey of psychology as an empirical/behavioral science with a consideration of underlying philosophical bases in light of a Christian worldview. Topics to be surveyed include development, cognition, learning, motivation, physiology, socialization, personality and psychopathology. Notes: Approved for Core Curriculum Behavioral Science credit. Grade Mode: A.

Appreciation of drama through an understanding of the components, terms, personnel, history, styles, and techniques of theatre. Notes: Approved for Core Curriculum Fine Arts credit. Attendance at selected plays is required. Grade Mode: A.


Major Courses

Note: Core major courses include courses for the professional teacher preparation program for a multiple subject credential.

Developing and preparing art assignments suitable for elementary school pupils. Grade Mode: A.

Highlights in the development of World civilization with an overview of Western, Asian, African and Latin American civilizations since 1500. Examination of comparative cultural contributions made in the arts, sciences, government and religions. Includes regional geographic studies. Lecture/Lab Hours: Three hours lecture, one hour discussion.

A survey of U.S. history from Reconstruction, to the gilded age and progressive era, to the world wars, the cold war, and the present age. Major Supreme Court cases will be covered as will social and ethnic issues.

Exploration, colonization and geography; indigenous people; the Mexican period; statehood; the social, economic and political developments in the 20th century. Examination of contemporary California diversity and regional issues. Grade Mode: A.

This course examines the structure and function of the school, foundations of education, qualities required for teacher effectiveness, and contemporary issues in education. Successful completion of this course constitutes one of the requirements for admission to the Teacher Preparation Program. CBEST must be taken or basic skills requirement met during this course for acceptance to a credential program. Lecture/Lab Hours: A 25-hour fieldwork practicum component is required. Notes: Special approval required. Must submit Certificate of Clearance forms and valid negative TB test results. Credential candidates must pass this course with a grade of "B-" or higher. Grade Mode: A.

During interrelated activities in program coursework and fieldwork, Multiple Subject education candidates learn, understand and use content-specific teaching strategies for helping grades K–6 students learn the state-adopted academic content standards for Math and Science. Notes: Credential candidates must pass this course with a "B-" or higher. Grade Mode: A.

Multiple subject teacher candidates identify, apply, appreciate the value of, and practice components and strands of culturally and developmentally appropriate dance and theater education for youth as found in the Visual and Performing Arts Framework and Student Academic Content Standards. Lecture/Lab Hours: A 15-hour fieldwork practicum component is required. Grade Mode: A.

Application of psychological principles to the education process, role of the teacher and learner, human growth and development, learning styles, motivation, memory, transfer of learning, measurement and evaluation, research and experimentation in learning theory. Notes: Special approval required. Restricted to formal application and acceptance to the School of Education. Credential candidates must pass this course with a "B-" or higher. This course is designed to fulfill the University's writing competency requirement for credential students. Grade Mode: A.
Basic concepts of cognitive development, including psychosocial, moral and language development. Define concepts related to the development of personality and temperament. Examine scope of physical development of children and the connections between health and learning. These theories are investigated in light of classroom implications for identifying and describing individual differences in the development of children. Covers the impact of genetic, sociocultural and socioeconomic factors on the development of children and young adolescents. Notes: This class is designed to fulfill the University's writing competency requirement for non-credential students. Grade Mode: A.

During interrelated activities in program coursework and fieldwork, Multiple Subject candidates learn content-specific teaching strategies that are effective in achieving the goals of the acceptance of personal responsibility for lifelong health; respect for and promotion of the health of others; understanding of the process of growth and development; and informed use of health-related information, products, and services. Notes: Credential candidates must pass this course with a "B-" or higher. Grade Mode: A.

During interrelated activities in program coursework and fieldwork, Multiple Subject education candidates learn, understand and use content-specific teaching strategies for helping grades K–6 students learn the state-adopted academic content standards for History-Social Science. Notes: Credential candidates must pass this course with a "B-" or higher. Grade Mode: A.

Survey of the theories, programs, and instructional practices for English language development, including first and second language acquisition and individual factors affecting language acquisition. Strategies for the application of theory to classroom practice and instruction in content area literacy are emphasized. Principles of educational equity, diversity, and cultural and linguistic responsiveness are examined. Lecture/Lab Hours: A 10-hour fieldwork practicum component is required. Notes: Credential candidates must pass this course with a "B-" or higher. Valid Certificate of Clearance and negative TB test results required for fieldwork. CalTPA #1. Grade Mode: A.

This course is designed to provide an understanding of the historical perspectives on children's literature through picture books and young adult novels reflecting different genres. Literature representative of a variety of cultures and ethnic groups will be analyzed and discussed in order to strengthen cross-cultural understanding. Emphasis will be upon developing responses to literature through art, drama, and writing in order to strengthen children's literacy development in the elementary classroom. Notes: Credential candidates must pass this course with a grade of "B-" or higher. Grade Mode: A.
Methods and materials for teaching reading to students in elementary schools; attention to a variety of approaches and techniques; consideration of the needs of pupils with varied cultural and language backgrounds. Lecture/Lab Hours: A 35-hour fieldwork practicum component is required. Notes: Credential candidates must pass this course with a grade of "B-" or higher. Valid Certificate of Clearance and negative TB test results required for fieldwork. CalTPA #2. Grade Mode: A.

The course emphasis is curriculum and instruction through the planning and teaching of a variety of developmentally and ability-appropriate instructional strategies for all learners, including Universal Design of Learning and Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTTS), differentiation, and assessment. Candidates will complete 60-hours of fieldwork. Candidates will design and teach several classroom lessons in local elementary schools.

Introductory geometry, congruence, symmetry, measurement, algebra and coordinate geometry, statistics, probability. Use of manipulatives. Notes: Cannot be counted toward the Mathematics major. Grade Mode: A.
A survey of the basic principles of physics, chemistry, geology, meteorology and astronomy. Designed for the non-science major. Notes: Approved for Core Curriculum Science credit. Grade Mode: A.

A laboratory experience to accompany the lecture course. Lecture/Lab Hours: Three hour laboratory weekly. Notes: Approved for Core Curriculum Science credit. Required for Liberal Studies majors, and optional for others. Grade Mode: A.


Teacher Preparation Courses

This course examines the structure and function of the school, foundations of education, qualities required for teacher effectiveness, and contemporary issues in education. Successful completion of this course constitutes one of the requirements for admission to the Teacher Preparation Program. CBEST must be taken or basic skills requirement met during this course for acceptance to a credential program. Lecture/Lab Hours: A 25-hour fieldwork practicum component is required. Notes: Special approval required. Must submit Certificate of Clearance forms and valid negative TB test results. Credential candidates must pass this course with a grade of "B-" or higher. Grade Mode: A.

Application of psychological principles to the education process, role of the teacher and learner, human growth and development, learning styles, motivation, memory, transfer of learning, measurement and evaluation, research and experimentation in learning theory. Notes: Special approval required. Restricted to formal application and acceptance to the School of Education. Credential candidates must pass this course with a "B-" or higher. This course is designed to fulfill the University's writing competency requirement for credential students. Grade Mode: A.

Survey of the theories, programs, and instructional practices for English language development, including first and second language acquisition and individual factors affecting language acquisition. Strategies for the application of theory to classroom practice and instruction in content area literacy are emphasized. Principles of educational equity, diversity, and cultural and linguistic responsiveness are examined. Lecture/Lab Hours: A 10-hour fieldwork practicum component is required. Notes: Credential candidates must pass this course with a "B-" or higher. Valid Certificate of Clearance and negative TB test results required for fieldwork. CalTPA #1. Grade Mode: A.

Methods and materials for teaching reading to students in elementary schools; attention to a variety of approaches and techniques; consideration of the needs of pupils with varied cultural and language backgrounds. Lecture/Lab Hours: A 35-hour fieldwork practicum component is required. Notes: Credential candidates must pass this course with a grade of "B-" or higher. Valid Certificate of Clearance and negative TB test results required for fieldwork. CalTPA #2. Grade Mode: A.
Methods and materials for teaching reading through content areas in secondary schools; attention to reading techniques, testing, and individualization. Lecture/Lab Hours: A 35-hour fieldwork practicum component is required. Notes: Credential candidates must pass this course with a grade of "B-" or higher. Valid Certificate of Clearance and negative TB test results required for fieldwork. CalTPA #2. Grade Mode: A.

A 60-hour fieldwork course to support Multiple Subject Credential candidates in application of teaching pedagogy. Candidates will design and teach a minimum of three lessons in local elementary schools. Notes: Credential candidates must pass this course with a grade of "B-" or higher. Valid Certificate of Clearance and negative TB test results required for fieldwork. Grade Mode: A.

The course emphasis is curriculum and instruction through the planning and teaching of a variety of developmentally and ability-appropriate instructional strategies for all learners, including Universal Design of Learning and Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTTS), differentiation, and assessment. Candidates will complete 60-hours of fieldwork. Candidates will design and teach several classroom lessons in local elementary schools.

A 60-hour fieldwork course to support Single Subject Credential candidates in application of teaching pedagogy. Candidates will design and teach a minimum of three lessons in local secondary schools. Notes: Credential candidates must pass this course with a grade of "B-" or higher. Valid Certificate of Clearance and negative TB test results required for fieldwork. Grade Mode: A.

The course emphasis is curriculum and instruction through the planning and teaching of a variety of developmentally and ability-appropriate instructional strategies for all learners, including Universal Design of Learning and Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTTS), differentiation, and assessment. Candidates will complete 60-hours of fieldwork. Candidates will design and teach several classroom lessons in local secondary schools.


Concentrations

Biology

An interdisciplinary approach to the study of the environment using concepts from ecology, biology, chemistry, geology, the social sciences and Scripture to understand the interplay of natural resources, how humans are affecting the environment, and how to deal with environmental problems. Notes: Approved for Core Curriculum Science credit. Grade Mode: A.

Selected topics of current interest and concern are studied. Sections are offered each year upon sufficient demand. Topics are the following:

  • Human Biology: Selected body systems and/or diseases will be studied in detail.
  • Marine Biology: An overview of marine biology with an emphasis on local marine species and conservation. Topics include seaweed, invertebrate animals, fish, marine mammals, and the impact of humans.
  • Zoology: This course provides a broad overview of invertebrate and vertebrate animal species with an emphasis on comparative anatomy and ecology.

Notes: Approved for Core Curriculum Science credit. May not be used to fulfill elective requirements for BIOS, BIES, BISI, or BIHB majors. Grade Mode: A.

A detailed study of the basic nutritional needs of humans: water, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins and minerals, Also included is a coverage of certain nutritional issues such as health foods, megavitamins, obesity and food additives, as well as computer-aided personal diet-analysis assignment. Notes: Approved for Core Curriculum Science credit. Grade Mode: A.
The study of the organs, tissues, functions and responses to environment of typical flowering plants and the morphology and life history of the major lower plant groups. Field work required, including collection and classification of native plants for the Biola Herbarium. Lecture/Lab Hours: Three hours lecture, four hours laboratory. There will be some Saturday field trips. Grade Mode: A, N.
An introduction to the structure and the function of the systems of the human body. Integration and interaction of these systems in maintaining homeostasis will be a point of focus. Laboratories will provide students the opportunity to observe and interact with human anatomical structures as well as perform relevant physiological experiments. Notes: Approved for Core Curriculum Science credit. Grade Mode: A, N.
The biology of vertebrates, stressing structure and function. Laboratory dissection of representative vertebrates emphasizes comparative anatomy. Grade Mode: A, N.
Environmental analysis of natural resources in relation to people and policy. Focus is on ethnobotany, ecological agriculture, and land stewardship. Employs a discussion format both in classroom and field settings. Emphasis on grappling with difficult practical and ethical problems. Notes: Au Sable offering. Grade Mode: A.
Environmental analysis and natural resources analysis in relation to society and developmental issues. Focus on ecological sustainability and sustainable society in the context of various factors that are bringing environmental degradation and impoverishment of people and cultures. Topics include tropical agriculture, hunger, poverty, international debt, appropriate technology, relief programs, missionary earthkeeping, conservation of wild nature, land tenure and land stewardship. Employs a discussion format grappling with difficult practical and ethical problems and issues that require deep and personal thought. Notes: Biola or Au Sable offering. Grade Mode: A.
Taxonomy and morphology of invertebrate phyla; laboratory dissection of invertebrates. Lecture/Lab Hours: Three hours lecture, four hours laboratory. Grade Mode: A, N.
Introduction to oceanography, marine plant and animal diversity, and ecological relationships. Lab sessions will include field trips. Lecture/Lab Hours: Three hours lecture, four hours laboratory. Grade Mode: A, N.
Principles of conservation biology with applications to sustainable human society and biospheric integrity. An integrative approach to biology and society that interrelates population biology, ecological principles, biogeochemical cycles, ecosystem functions, and human society in the context of biospheric degradation. The course develops a stewardship perspective rooted in biological principles and directed at conservation of plant and animal species, biotic communities, ecosystems, and human society. Included are topics of human development, poverty, and economic growth.Fee: $95 Notes: Biola and Au Sable offering. Grade Mode: A.
An introduction to the general concepts of the ecology of populations, communities and ecosystems, including physiological ecology, speciation and evolutionary theory. Laboratory includes field trips and a research project. Grade Mode: A, N.

Literature research followed by oral presentation, group discussion and evaluation; independent thought and study stressed. Notes: May be taken twice for a maximum of 2 credits. Grade Mode: A.

Early Childhood

LEDU 335 is a prerequisite to this concentration.

Basic concepts of cognitive development, including psychosocial, moral and language development. Define concepts related to the development of personality and temperament. Examine scope of physical development of children and the connections between health and learning. These theories are investigated in light of classroom implications for identifying and describing individual differences in the development of children. Covers the impact of genetic, sociocultural and socioeconomic factors on the development of children and young adolescents. Notes: This class is designed to fulfill the University's writing competency requirement for non-credential students. Grade Mode: A.

This course examines ways to create meaningful curriculum that is aligned with the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) program standards, the California Preschool Learning Foundations, and the California Common Core and Content Standards. Teacher candidates develop curriculum plans that integrate language and literacy, mathematics, and play for children ages 3 to 8. Particular attention is given to the key role of adult-child interactions and teaching strategies supporting physical, social and intellectual development for all children. Lecture/Lab Hours: A 9-hour field practicum component is required. Notes: Early Childhood permit candidates must pass with a grade of "C" or higher. Valid Certificate of Clearance and negative TB test results required for fieldwork. Grade Mode: A. 

The focus of this course is to provide an examination of family, community, societal, and cultural influences on children's schooling and learning. It highlights strategies for integrating family members and community resources into the learning process. Emphasis will be given to the exploration of culturally and linguistically appropriate anti-bias approaches that support all children and their families. Lecture/Lab Hours: An 18-hour field practicum component is required. Notes: Early Childhood permit candidates must pass with a grade of "C" or higher. Valid Certificate of Clearance and negative TB test results required for fieldwork. Grade Mode: A. 

This course offers an overview of childhood behaviors and effective strategies for managing these behaviors in the classroom. It includes a review of learning and developmental theories. The course introduces effective strategies that facilitate active learning and differentiated instructional practices that support diverse learning needs are introduced. Lecture/Lab Hours: A 9-hour field practicum component is required. Notes: Early Childhood permit candidates must pass with a grade of "C" or higher. Valid Certificate of Clearance and negative TB test results required for fieldwork. Grade Mode: A. 

This course explores the selection and use of formal and informal assessments to determine initial information for facilitating individual learning strategies and environments. Candidates enhance observational skills, assessment abilities, and communication reporting to families. Particular attention is given to the selection, administration, scoring, and interpretation of results obtained from assessments of young children to determine skills and abilities for the purpose of curriculum planning, learning environment design, and accommodations for children with special needs. Lecture/Lab Hours: A 12-hour field practicum component is required. Notes: Early Childhood permit candidates must pass with a grade of "C" or higher. Valid Certificate of Clearance and negative TB test results required for fieldwork. Grade Mode: A.

English

Study of the theories of writing and rhetorical models. Extensive practice in writing.

Introductory language course for education students: history of language, grammatical systems, usage/composition; teaching applications.

Poetry workshop. Students will read and critique each other's work, study selected modern and contemporary poems and investigate the creative writing process.

Fiction workshop. Students will read and critique each other's work, study selected modern and contemporary short stories and investigate the creative writing process.

Specific eras and movements in American literature. Two or more sections offered every year. The sections include American literature from Colonial America, the Constitution to the Civil War, the Civil War to the New Deal, and the New Deal to the present.

Specific eras and movements in literature from the nations of the British Isles: Wales, Scotland, the Republic of Ireland, and England. The sections include: Medieval literature, Renaissance literature, 17th-century literature, 18th-century literature, Romanticism, Victorian literature, Early 20th-century literature, and contemporary literature.

Studies of a selection of Shakespeare's plays, providing an overview of Shakespearean tragedy, comedy, and historical drama. Grade Mode: A.

Human Development

An introduction to the nature and process of the application of Christian thought to the study and practice of psychology. Grade Mode: A.
Basic statistics for psychological research. Descriptive statistics, correlation/regression and inferential statistics including hypothesis testing, type I and II errors, t-tests, analysis of variance, and several non-parametric tests including chi-square. Not for Core Curriculum math/science requirement. Notes: Concurrent with PSYC 211. Grade Mode: A.
Use of Excel and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to obtain descriptive and inferential statistics covered in 211. Experience in developing surveys, analyzing survey data and writing research reports. Notes: Concurrent with PSYC 209 unless PSYC 209 has been met with transfer credits or AP credit. Grade Mode: A.
An examination of human sexual functioning, behavior, relationships, and feelings. Issues of sexuality are discussed within spiritual, psychological, cultural, and medical/health related perspectives. Grade Mode: A.
Theory and principles of psychological assessment and testing including the construction, reliability, validity and application of assessment methods and devices in various professional settings. Grade Mode: A.
Nature, causes and treatment of abnormal behavior, including the full range of mental disorders identified within current categorical systems. Grade Mode: A.
An examination of the nature and scope of religious experience including such issues as the development of religious concepts and values, conversion, the experience of prayer and spiritual maturity. Attention is also given to issues in the integration of psychology and theology. Grade Mode: A.
Covers significant contemporary theoretical and clinical literature of marriage as a social and religious institution and an intimate, committed interpersonal psychological relationship. Includes topics such as the neurobiology of emotions and adult love, the psychology of interpersonal communication, conflict and problem solving, marital sexuality, gender issues, the developmental course of the marital relationship, emotional abuse and violence, and spirituality in marriage. Grade Mode: A.
This course is designed to increase student awareness of the historical treatment of cross-cultural issues within a psychological context and to explore psychological issues in various cultural contexts within the American culture and worldwide. Attention is paid to the psychological dynamics involved in the formation and reduction of prejudices, discrimination, and stereotypes. Grade Mode: A.
A study of the theory and research concerning lifespan development. Consideration will be given to the physical, emotional, cognitive, social and moral aspects of human development across the entire span from conception to death. Discussion will include timely issues of personal relevance to the student's own developmental pathway. Grade Mode: A.
An examination of family from three different perspectives: Scriptural, cultural and clinical. A major goal of the course is to stimulate thinking regarding the integration of these perspectives. Particular emphasis will be placed on the study of family purpose, roles within the family, and psychological processes leading to healthy and unhealthy outcomes. Grade Mode: A.
Emphasis on core facilitation skills. Supportive, re-educative and reconstructive therapies considered. Personal growth activities incorporated. Grade Mode: A.

Intercultural Studies

The nature of people in culture; worldview and perception; culture change; a study of the subsystems of cultures, including social organization, religion, language and related topics. Includes practical applications to global problems such as AIDS, human rights, etc. Notes: Approved for Core Curriculum Behavioral Science credit. Grade Mode: A.
Introduction to the basic concepts in the scientific study of language, major areas of linguistic analysis, and several subareas of the field, including language in society. Material from English and a variety of other languages is used to provide a broad perspective. Grade Mode: A.

Exploration of the cross-cultural transition process, focusing on healthy adjustment as a sojourner in a new culture. Attention given to understanding and applying grace to oneself and others, discerning cultural values, conflict styles, social stratification and celebration.

A study of specific cultural areas with an emphasis on customs, social structures, religion, arts, and history. Areas of specialty may include:

Principles and processes of communicating from one culture to another. Focus on different perceptions, ways of thinking, values, non-verbal expression, language expression and subgroups within a culture as they relate to the media and the message.

The distinctive features of the historical ethnic religions, with special emphasis on their comparison and encounter with Christianity and their bearings upon missionary strategies. Grade Mode: A.
Study of major features of standard American English structure, with applications for ESL/EFL teachers. Grade Mode: A.
Basic concepts, methods and techniques of teaching English (ESL or EFL) to speakers of other languages. Introduces principles of second language learning along with techniques for teaching both separate and integrated skills to adult or post-secondary students. Grade Mode: A.
Principles of ESL/EFL materials design to enable teachers to (a) evaluate and adapt published materials and (b) prepare their own materials. Grade Mode: A.

This course develops professionalism in TESOL teachers in three areas: effective intercultural communication, appropriate communication of different worldviews and values, and ethics for teachers in various contexts.

Structured practice teaching in an ESL classroom under the supervision of a master teacher, plus weekly group discussion of issues in language pedagogy. Grade Mode: A.

This course consists of three units of fieldwork in a country other than the United States of America. The student experiences teaching, researching, reflecting and praying which lays the foundation for understanding and explaining the ways in which educational influences shape the world's economies, polities, and societies, and their consequences for global conflict and cooperation. Students will learn to distinguish among different theoretical explanations for understanding schooling and education in a given society, think critically about their strengths and weaknesses, and apply them to a range of historical and contemporary issues.

Mathematics

Sets, the real number system, relations, functions, graphs, algebraic processes, inequalities, trigonometric functions, exponential and logarithmic functions, introduction to sequences. Notes: Approved for Core Curriculum Math credit. May not be counted toward the major. Grade Mode: A.
Fundamental principles of differential and integral calculus. Applications chosen mainly from the management sciences. Notes: Approved for Core Curriculum Math credit. Students must pass prerequisite online Pre-Business Calculus Course (free/no credit) prior to taking the course. Grade Mode: A, N.
Limits, differentiation and integration of rational and trigonometric functions, with applications. Notes: Approved for Core Curriculum Math credit. Grade Mode: A.
Elementary properties of sets, discrete probability and combinatorial analysis, graphs, relations, orderings, functions, simple algebraic structures, binary arithmetic and other bases, methods of proof. Grade Mode: A.
Set theory, Cartesian products, equivalence relations, images and inverse images, induction, recursions, inequalities, and field axioms. Emphasis on how to discover, write and present proofs. Grade Mode: A.
Topics from matrices, determinants, linear transformations and vector spaces. Grade Mode: A.
Prepares the student for biostatistical application essential to practice in evidence-based professions. Content includes: descriptive statistics; probability theory and rules; discrete and continuous probability distributions; sampling distributions; confidence intervals; hypothesis testing; experimental design; ANOVA; linear and multiple regression; contingency table analysis; non-parametrics; survival analysis; discussion of the use of statistics in journal articles. Notes: Approved for Core Curriculum Math credit. Credit given for only one of 210 and 318. Grade Mode: A.
Theorems of Pythagoras, incenters, circumcenters, circles, Euler line, Fermat center. Compass constructions. Solid geometry. Spherical geometry of arcs. Coordinate geometry. When Offered: Alternate years. Grade Mode: A.
The history of mathematics from Euclid through the 19th century as seen by exploring developments in number theory including congruences, Diophantine equations, divisibility, theorems of Fermat and Wilson, primitive roots, indices, quadratic reciprocity and the distribution of prime numbers. When Offered: Fall, odd years. Grade Mode: A.

Health and Exercise

The study of applied Sport Psychology, learning, motivation, social interaction, mental training for performance, applying behavioral skills for physical activity promotion, and specific psychological rehabilitation strategies.

Physical fitness and disease; nutrition and obesity; mental health and stress management; substance abuse (drugs, tobacco and alcohol); human sexuality. Supports the teacher certification requirement in health for physical education majors. Lecture/Lab Hours: Three hours lecture. Notes: The course is designed for majors in kinesiology and physical education. Not for the Core Curriculum requirement in the sciences.

Overview of significant factors that influence and determine the learning and control of motor skills. Motor learning issues are examined from a behavioral perspective, and applications are made to teaching, coaching and rehabilitation settings.

A study and application of the core competencies of Transformational Leadership. Contemporary leadership settings in sport, fitness, health promotion and therapy will be given intentional focus. The objective will be to assist leaders and managers to achieve maximum effectiveness in their organizations. Students will have the opportunity to develop the knowledge and capacity to integrate their faith and to apply it to leadership in real life situations in sport and human movement.

Theoretical constructs that underlie explanations for health-positive or health-destructive behaviors and programs to address these. Behavioral theory related to health education/promotion, planning, and assessment in various communities. Health disparities, current health practices, and relevant health-related research and current topics will be covered. Grade Mode: A.

Spanish

This is an intermediate course designed to further develop basic language skills (listening, speaking, reading and writing) by focusing on the cultural content, vocabulary and grammar necessary to develop intercultural communicative competence at an intermediate-high proficiency level.

This course will build upon and further develop the informal knowledge of Spanish that heritage learners bring to the classroom — usually from family and neighborhood exposure to the language — and cultivate formal speaking, reading, and writing abilities. Core Curriculum: Approved for Core - Foreign Language.

This course will help develop students' vocabulary and register while reviewing advanced grammatical structures of Spanish through thematic units, which target the development of advanced-level oral and written proficiency through readings and discussion of Spanish texts and culture broadly defined (film, literature, newspapers, pop culture, etc.), as well as writing assignments and oral presentations.

This course will help develop students' vocabulary and register while reviewing advanced grammatical structures of Spanish through thematic units, which target the development of advanced-level oral and written proficiency through readings and discussion of Spanish texts and culture broadly defined (film, literature, newspapers, pop culture, etc.), as well as writing assignments and oral presentations.

This course seeks to broaden the informal knowledge of Spanish that heritage learners bring to the classroom and focuses primarily on the development of formal speaking, reading, and writing abilities across a variety of topics and genres.

This course seeks to broaden the informal knowledge of Spanish that heritage learners bring to the classroom and focuses primarily on the development of formal speaking, reading, and writing abilities across a variety of topics and genres.

This survey course provides a panoramic view of the civilization and culture of the Spanish-speaking world (Spain, Spanish America, United States) from its early origins to the present day. Emphasis will be given to literary, artistic and cultural productions of each respective region. This class aims to help students attain an advanced level of intercultural communication in the target language with practice in the four skill areas (listening, speaking, reading, and writing).

This course will explore different literary and cultural topics. Emphasis will be placed on oral and written expression and will target the development of intercultural skills to help students attain an advanced level of intercultural communication in the target language. Notes: May be taken multiple times for credit with different content for a total of 8 credits. Grade Mode: A.
This course seeks to help students synthesize an understanding of the cultures of the Spanish-speaking world, with a specific emphasis on the history, language and culture of the region under study. Students will focus on the socio-historical development of the countries and its influence on the Spanish language and culture of the specific region. Notes: May be taken multiple times for credit with different content for a total of 8 credits. Grade Mode: A.
This is an introductory course in applied linguistics, with a special emphasis on the theoretical and practical aspects of the teaching of Spanish as a foreign language. In this course students will learn fundamental concepts in linguistics within the context of the Spanish grammar in order to be able to understand their use in the study of second language acquisition, foreign language learning and foreign language teaching. The course is conducted in Spanish, with readings in both English and Spanish.Prerequisites: SPAN 300, SPAN 301, SPAN 310, or SPAN 311. Notes: Cross-listed with LEDU 433/SEED 533: Single Subject Pedagogy. Grade Mode: A.

Special Education

LEDU 301 is the prerequisite to this concentration.

This course examines the structure and function of the school, foundations of education, qualities required for teacher effectiveness, and contemporary issues in education. Successful completion of this course constitutes one of the requirements for admission to the Teacher Preparation Program. CBEST must be taken or basic skills requirement met during this course for acceptance to a credential program. Lecture/Lab Hours: A 25-hour fieldwork practicum component is required. Notes: Special approval required. Must submit Certificate of Clearance forms and valid negative TB test results. Credential candidates must pass this course with a grade of "B-" or higher. Grade Mode: A.

This course provides a basic introduction to the history and educational philosophy of special education. It includes study of mild/moderate disabilities (specific learning disabilities, cognitive impairments, and emotional and behavioral disturbances). The course examines legal issues and laws pertaining to special education giving attention to school compliance and student and parent rights. Notes: Education Specialist Credential and Certificate candidates must pass with a grade of "B-" or higher. Grade Mode: A.

This course introduces the types and uses of assessments to identify the strengths and needs of exceptional learners and evaluate results to develop meaningful educational practice. It provides knowledge and skills necessary for selecting, administering, interpreting and reporting results of tests related to cognitive, affective, psychomotor and social development. Emphasis will be given to translating assessment data into making informed educational decisions. Lecture/Lab Hours: A 10-hour field practicum component is required. Notes:Education Specialist Credential and Certificate candidates must pass with a grade of "B-" or higher. Valid Certificate of Clearance and negative TB test results required for fieldwork. Grade Mode: A. 

The focus of this course is to provide teacher candidates with knowledge of learning disabilities including definitions, causes, and characteristics of learning disabilities in children. The course will provide students with the knowledge and skills to make accommodations and modifications (including adaptations with technology) for individuals with mild to moderate disabilities. Particular emphasis will be given to working on Student Study Teams to design instruction to meet the individual needs of underperforming students, to making referrals with appropriate documentation and to writing Individual Education Plans for students with identified learning disabilities. Lecture/Lab Hours: A 10-hour field practicum component is required.

This course focuses on principles and procedures for modifying behavior in the classroom with emphasis given to the identification of factors that contribute to behavioral problems, systematic data collection, objective reporting, and implementation of various methods of reinforcement. Lecture/Lab Hours: A 10-hour field practicum component is required. Notes: Education Specialist Credential and Certificate candidates must pass with a grade of "B-" or higher. Valid Certificate of Clearance and negative TB test results required for fieldwork. Grade Mode: A.

This course offers an overview of student characteristics, theory and teaching applications for students with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Major theories, teaching approaches, trends, etiological and diagnostic issues, classroom structure and environmental arrangements, research based instructional strategies, and family involvement will be discussed. Lecture/Lab Hours: A 10-hour field practicum component is required. Notes: Education Specialist Credential and Certificate candidates must pass with a grade of "B-" or higher. Valid Certificate of Clearance and negative TB test results required for fieldwork. Grade Mode: A.

History

An historical examination of the black's experience beginning with the African kingdoms, slave trade, slavery in the New World, emancipation during the Civil War, and the search and struggle for equality, to the present. Grade Mode: A.

Settlement and growth of the Anglo-American civilization; the American Revolution; growth of political, economic, social and religious institutions to 1800. Grade Mode: A.

Nationalism and the growth of sectionalism reform movements; Manifest Destiny; disruption of American democracy, Civil War and political reconstruction to 1877. Grade Mode: A.

Major indigenous civilizations; conquest by Spain and Portugal; colonial institutions and culture; wars of independence, political, economic and social developments to the present, including the role of the United States in the region. Grade Mode: A.
History of Ancient Greece from the Minoan-Mycenaean cultures to the Hellenistic period; emphasis on the literature, religion, art and modes of thought of the period. Grade Mode: A.
Survey of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean civilizations from ancient times to the present, stressing the religio-philosophical developments and their impact upon culture. Grade Mode: A.
Survey of the history of Mexico from pre-Colombian times to the present, emphasizing social, cultural, religious and political developments, as well as relations between Mexico and the United States. Grade Mode: A.

Post-Civil War economic growth, immigration, trans-Mississippi settlement, industrialization, urbanization; America's rise to world power, Progressive Era and World War I. Grade Mode: A.

Shaping of American social, economic, political, religious and intellectual life and foreign policy in the era of the twenties, New Deal, World War II, Cold War; emphasis on America's new role in a world of global interdependence. Grade Mode: A.
Survey the history of the American West, beginning with Lewis and Clark and continuing to the present. Will briefly cover the West prior to the arrival of the Americans, but focuses primarily on the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Will examine some of the major themes in Western history, including early explorers, the expansion of the American frontier, the experiences of Native American tribes, the growth of ranching, railroads and mines, conflicts over urbanization and environmentalism, and the role of the federal government in the economic development of the west in the 20th Century. Grade Mode: A.
Europe from the late 14th to early 17th century. Stress on changes inaugurated by the Renaissance and Reformation; rise of nation-states and foundations of modern European society. Grade Mode: A.
The history of Europe, including Russia, from 1550 to 1900. Wars of Religion, Scientific Revolution, Absolutism and political theory; the Enlightenment; the French Revolution; the nineteenth century. Grade Mode: A.
African society and culture from antiquity to the present. Emphasis on regional diversity, with particular focus on the effects of Islamization, African diaspora, colonialism, Christianization, modernization and nationhood. Special emphasis on contemporary religious movements. Grade Mode: A.
The history, organization and function of the legislative, judicial and executive branches of the American government. Includes one hour per week involving students in a local government civic service or life experience activity. Satisfies the state requirement in institutions in American history. Notes: Approved for Core Curriculum US History credit. Meets the requirement for United States Constitution for California teacher certification. Grade Mode: A.

Visual Arts

An introduction to drawing, perspective, line, shape, value texture and composition. Notes: Approved for Core Curriculum Fine Arts credit. Grade Mode: A.
A foundational course devoted to examining, exploring, and applying two-dimensional design concepts, including color theory and composition. Notes: Approved for Core Curriculum Fine Arts credit. Grade Mode: A.
A foundational course devoted to examining, exploring, and applying three-dimensional design concepts, construction and composition. Notes: Approved for Core Curriculum Fine Arts credit. Grade Mode: A.
Introduction to the methods, materials, and tools of sculpture and general concepts of sculptural form. Notes: Approved for Core Curriculum Fine Arts credit. Grade Mode: A.
An introduction to basic hand building and wheel throwing techniques. Formulation of basic glaze applications and ceramics firing processes are emphasized. Notes: Approved for Core Curriculum Fine Arts credit. Grade Mode: A.

An introduction to basic color theory and oil painting techniques. Emphasis on observational representation including still-life, landscape and figure. Notes: Approved for Core Curriculum Fine Arts credit. Grade Mode: A.

A survey of contemporary art photography, introducing the practices of darkroom, digital, black and white, and color photography, with an emphasis on technical and conceptual aspects. Notes: Highly recommended that students own or have access to both 35mm film and digital SLR cameras. Approved for Core Curriculum Fine Arts credit. Grade Mode: A.
Continued individual development in all areas of ceramics. Introducing vessel construction from hand-built techniques, low fire glaze applications and an introduction in firing the kilns. Grade Mode: A.
Emphasizes sculptural aesthetics and appropriate technology. Focus on formulating a conceptual and technical basis for work. Grade Mode: A.

Introduction to non-representational acrylic painting techniques. Emphasis on issues of color and design as applied to organic, geometric, and pattern abstraction. Grade Mode: A.

A studio exploration of color photography using digital and film techniques. Emphasis placed on color theory, contemporary issues, and the technical skills of artificial lighting and professional digital printing workflow. Notes: Highly recommended that students own or have access to digital SLR camera. Grade Mode: A.
Focused exploration of black and white photography covering its creative, technical and historical aspects. Emphasis is placed on darkroom techniques, some advanced digital black and white also explored. Notes: Highly recommended that students own a 35mm SLR camera. Grade Mode: A.
Advanced studio exploration in contemporary photographic trends, including mixed media, installation, collaboration, and various new media. Notes: Highly recommended that students own or have access to a digital SLR camera. Grade Mode: A.

Sociology

Major problems of social maladjustment from the viewpoint of the underlying processes of individual and social disorganization; deviant behavior, such as mental disorders, crime and delinquency, suicide, drug and alcohol addiction; social disorganization, such as population problems, family, poverty and war. Core Curriculum: Approved for Core - Behavioral Science.

Examines gender as an organizing principle in societies at all levels. The course explores the key theoretical approaches to sociology of gender and explains how historical, economic, and political trends impact gender and gender identity, as well as the impact of gender on various social institutions such as the family, government, the workplace, education, and the criminal justice system. Grade Mode: A.
Race, and companion factors such as ethnicity, social economic class, gender and age are critical factors in the administration of criminal justice in the United States. This course critically examines race, class and gender within the United States criminal justice system. Grade Mode: A.
Analysis of ethnic, racial and cultural minorities in the U.S. and selected world cultures and societies through use of basic concepts of race, racism, prejudice, discrimination, stereotypes; theoretical as well as practical application of concepts and effects on selected minority-majority relationships and racial, ethnic, and cultural groups. Grade Mode: A.
Examination of the basic dimensions of inequality in contemporary American society, how inequality is patterned by race, class and gender, and the effects of inequality on life chances and lifestyles. International comparisons of systems of inequality also examined. Grade Mode: A.
Analysis of the social bases of, and changes in, such American cultural values as individualism, consumption, work, leisure, success, and marriage and family. These are considered in the context of how values are shaped and changed by such variables as social class, education, generation and religious belief. Grade Mode: A.
This course explores the causes and consequences of current levels of economic inequality in society both in the US and around the globe. Most of the time will be spent addressing economic inequality in the US--how wealth is produced, what leads to poverty, and how cycles of wealth are reproduced across generations. Students will also explore the consequences of poverty and wealth and how they are experienced in daily life. Both scripture and social science will be examined to explain poverty and to imagine the possibilities for creating a more just and equal world. Grade Mode: A.

This course will examine the experience of disability sociologically, with special attention toward the barriers to full equality and acceptance that people with disabilities face. We will also explore Christian views of disability and explore a theology of suffering and disability.

TESOL

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