Courses

2007–2009 Catalog (PDF)

ISCL 500 Library Research Skills (1)

Use of reference and bibliographic sources for in-depth research at the graduate level.

ISCL 501 Dynamics of the Religious Experience (3)

A treatment of conceptions of the supernatural, the function of religion in society, religion and social control, the nature of religious ritual and paraphernalia, sacred places and religious practitioners.

ISCL 503 Economy, Society and Values (3)

The study of economic and social relations as they impact human values, with emphasis on analytic tools for comparative research and crosscultural ministry. Prerequisite: ANTH 200 or ISCL 604.

ISCL 520 Interpersonal and Intercultural Adjustment (3)

Exploration of the cross-cultural transition process, focusing upon healthy adjustment as a sojourner in a new culture. Attention given to understanding and applying grace to oneself and others, discerning cultural values, conflict styles, social stratification and celebration.

ISCL 530 Topics in Intercultural Health Care (3)

May be repeated with different focus. Topics include:

Crosscultural Health Care Delivery:
Theories and skills related to health teaching, physical assessment, preparation and utilization of indigenous health care.

Maintaining Your Health Overseas:
Preparation for living overseas: healthy lifestyle, prevention of disease, mental and spiritual burnout, initial treatment where there is no doctor.

Anthropology of Crosscultural Health Care:
The anthropological study of problems of illness and health with emphasis on the cultural contest of health care programs.

Management Strategies in Crosscultural Health Care:
Preparation for serving organizations involved in planning and implementing health care systems at the district and village level.

Intercultural Clinical Practicum:
Supervised crosscultural clinical health care experience. Prerequisites: ISCL 520, 622 (may be taken concurrently). RN licensure or consent of instructor.

ISCL 531 Peoples of Ethnic America (3)

A study of non-Caucasian ethnic groups in the light of their historical and socio-cultural background. Practical field experience in an ethnic community.

ISCL 532 Peoples of the World (3)

Specific area studies with emphasis on customs, social structures, religion, arts, history and intercultural communication. One or more sections offered every year in areas such as: Africa, Asia, Native America, Middle East, South Pacific, Europe. May be repeated with different course content.

ISCL 543 Women in Missions (3)

The dynamics of understanding the role of missionary women: historical, physical, social, psychological, spiritual. Focus on the issues and opportunities in contemporary world.

ISCL 546 The Historical Development of the World Christian Movement (3)

The background, origin, development and spread of the Christian faith from the apostolic period until today. Emphasis is given to the modern era, especially contemporary growth dynamics in Africa, Asia and Latin America.

ISCL 555 Introduction to World Missions (3)

The nature of Christian outreach; a study of principles, history and methodology of worldwide missions.

ISCL 556 World Religions (3)

The distinctive features of the historical ethnic religions, with special emphasis on their comparison and encounter with Christianity and their bearings upon missionary strategies

ISCL 558 Village & Tribal Cultures (3)

Analysis of the cultural institutions and values in tribal, peasant and newly emerging economies, with special consideration as to their openness or resistance to change.

ISCL 559 Topics in Urban Studies (3)

May be repeated with different focus. Topics include: Juvenile Delinquency, Deviant Behavior, Social Problems, Alcohol and Substance Abuse.

ISCL 560 Urban Research & Study (3)

The use of social science techniques to learn about the people, needs and opportunities for working in the city.

ISCL 561 Topics in Cultural Anthropology (3)

Examination of a variety of anthropological issues from either a theoretical or applied perspective including: marriage customs, leadership patterns, political relations, indigenous movements, culture change, world view, etc. May be repeated with different course content. Prerequisite: ANTH 200 or ISCL 640.

ISCL 563 Gender Roles in International Settings (3)

The dynamics of male and female roles in Western, non-Western and biblical cultures. Focus on responsibilities, obligations, expectations, leaderships and inter-relationships as they relate to the society as a whole.

ISCL 565 Personal Leadership Formation (3)

A study of the principles and patterns used by God as He raises up leaders for His work. This study will include a discussion of the vital place of spiritual formation in leadership development.

ISCL 568 Theology of the City (3)

Explores the unfolding meaning of global civilization from historical, biblical, cultural and strategic perspectives taking into account spiritual dynamics and world view issues.

ISCL 572 Topics in Contemporary Missions Issues (1-3)

May be repeated with different focus. Topic selection and course enrollment by advisor’s approval.

ISCL 573 The Church and the City (3)

Explores the literature and contemporary case studies of urban social changes and urban change agents. Attention is given to the analysis of social transformation through the creation of committed communities including urban churches.

ISCL 575 Multicultural Education (3)

Experiential approach to crosscultural differences in the classroom as they affect teaching and learning. Focus of attention is primarily the United States.

ISCL 581 Urbanization in Developing Countries (3)

Explores the ancient rituals, traditions, and modern ideas by which two-thirds of the world’s people now live. The student will become familiar with and equipped for interaction with the assumptions, belief systems, and cultural ways that have yielded profoundly different societies in the non-western world.

ISCL 582 Urban Leadership Development (3)

Examines various models, definitions, and case studies of urban leadership styles. The different roles and character formation of the leader are presented. Special focus is given to the theory and methods of mentoring as essential for the multiplication of strategically-minded leaders in the city.

ISCL 583 Poverty and the City (3)

Examines contemporary concerns of inhabitants in the city for justice, employment, housing and education. Special emphasis is given to developing strategies to empower residents of the city.

ISCL 601 Contemporary Anthropological Theory (3)

Explores the key theoretical perspectives employed in cultural anthropology today to critically evaluate their utility for crosscultural research. Topics include cultural materialism, structuralism, functionalism, transaction and process, cultural ecology, political economy, etc.

ISCL 606 Nature of Anthropological Inquiry (2)

Explanation of the relationships between anthropological theory, problem definition, research strategy and methodology, data collection and analysis, and generalization and application. Prerequisite: ISCL 601.

ISCL 622 Intercultural Communication (3)

Principles and processes of communicating from one culture to another. Focus on different perceptions, ways of thinking, values, non-verbal expression, language expression and subgroups within a culture as they relate to the media and the message.

ISCL 640 Applied Anthropology (3)

Study of man, culture, and environment with special emphasis on the manner in which their relationship with one another is affected by change agents.

ISCL 655 Contemporary Theology of Mission (3)

An overview and critique of the different theologies of mission advocated by various branches of the Church beginning with Edinburgh 1910 to the liberation theology debate of our day.

ISCL 662 Mission in Political Context (3)

Consideration of modern political ideologies and movements as they affect the church and its mission in selected national contexts.

ISCL 663 Crosscultural Implications in Evangelism (3)

Explores crosscultural issues in evangelism and church planting through the use of case studies, simulation exercises, readings and lectures. The class considers evangelistic strategies that build on a firm foundation for the gospel and assimilate new believers effectively.

ISCL 665 Topics in Intercultural Studies (1-3)

May be repeated with different focus. Topics may include specialized studies of particular regions, religious traditions, theoretical perspectives, or emerging trends.

ISCL 667 Topics in Community Development (1-3)

Topics are listed in the class schedule. May include: Evangelism, Development & Community Issues in Relief & Development Community Development Models & Strategies Project Design & Assessment Cross-cultural Development Practicum

ISCL 680 The Local Church & World Missions (3)

Designed to integrate principles of crosscultural communication and theology and strategy of missions within a total conceptual framework to aid the local church in mission involvement.

ISCL 690 Practicum (1-6)

May be done in Church Planting Urban Studies, Women’s Ministries or other approved church/ mission programs. Designed for M.A. students.

ISCL 691 Tutorial (1-3)

May be repeated with different topics such as intercultural studies, Bible translation, missiology, crosscultural theology, crosscultural education and crosscultural health care. Designed for M.A. students.

ISCL 694 Seminars (1-3)

May be repeated with different topics including church planting, evangelism, anthropology, intercultural communication, linguistics, crosscultural education, sociolinguistics, crosscultural theology, theology of mission, history of missions, mission strategy, bible translation. Designed for M.A. students.

ISCL 702 Social Organization (3)

Crosscultural study of the basic human groups of family, kin and community, engaging the student in field methodology and research, and application of principles and data of social organization to mission strategy.

ISCL 715 Educational Philosophies of the Great Religious Traditions (3)

Educational thought and method arising from the teachings of major world religions including: Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, Confucianism, Judaism and Christianity.

ISCL 721 Crosscultural Teaching/ Learning Strategies for Curriculum (3)

Theories and strategies for developing curriculum in a wide variety of formal and non-formal contexts; emphasis is placed on low technology, learner-sensitive options.

ISCL 722 Spiritual Conflicts in Crosscultural Context (3)

Reviews the historical and contemporary world view beliefs in the existence and activity of spiritual beings or forces often encountered by the crosscultural worker. A theology of spirits is developed to help establish theoretical and practical guidelines for appropriate understanding of and response to spiritual beliefs and potential conflicts encountered in various crosscultural setting.

ISCL 724 Issues in Spiritual Warfare (3)

A multi-disciplinary examination of the leading practices of, and contemporary interest in deliverance ministries, inner-healing prayer therapies, Satanism, dissociative identity disorders, recovered memories and ritual abuse.

ISCL 725 Culture & Transformation (3)

The study of how cultures change, the dynamics and processes of change, the place of change agents and the speed and intensity of change. Implications of such processes are examined in social, political, economic and religious aspects of society.

ISCL 727 Principles of Church Multiplication (3)

Exploration of the foundational issues related to crosscultural church multiplication. A holistic approach (through teams) that is designed to empower nationals to minister immediately, responsibly and continually, along with personal investigation of spiritual gifts, skills and life experience.

ISCL 730 Directed Study (1-4)

Reading and research in selected areas / issues in World Missions. Elective.

ISCL 732 Church Planting Models and Strategies (3)

A survey and analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of various church planting models and strategies used around the world. Identifies key factors which the church planter can implement in a context specific, phase-out oriented church planting strategy.

ISCL 735 Principles of Church Growth (3)

A basic understanding of church growth concepts as related both to the local congregations and to the task of worldwide evangelization, with due emphasis on the Church Growth school of thought.

ISCL 742 The History of Christianity in Missiological Perspective (3)

A review of missiological literature that traces the spread and development of Christianity as a world movement, from Pentecost to the modern era. Special attention is given to the kind(s) of Christianity that spread; the process(es) by which it spread; the effect Christianity had on the socio-cultural / political environment(s); and the effect environment had on Christianity and its subsequent development.

ISCL 743 Urban Church Planting Models (3)

This study moves beyond the classroom to actual urban church plants in the greater L.A. area. Visits and dialogues provide practical ways pastors, lay people, parachurch people and missionaries prepare themselves and their congregations for intentional church planting in ethnically diverse communities. Fee: $50.

ISCL 744 Narrative as an Educational Methodology (3)

An investigation and demonstration of the narrative / story genre in teaching and curricula design. Students participate in story telling, design a seminar on story telling, and develop a series of culturally relevant lessons using narrative medium in areas such as business, community development, evangelism, leadership and followership development, ESL, drama, counseling, church planting.

ISCL 747 Christianity & Culture (3)

Anthropological approach to Christian theologizing; interrelationships between supra cultural Christianity and human cultures. Focus on conversion, revelation, communication, transformation, indigenity and other related topics.

ISCL 750 Issues in Contextualization / Crosscultural Theology (3)

The application of crosscultural communication principles to the study of theology, critique and evaluation of such theologies and the design and implementation of culture specific theologies for various cultures.

ISCL 751 Theology of Mission (3)

An examination of the theological foundations of mission derived from a study of the history of salvation. This will encompass a study of the mission given to Israel and to the Church including some interaction with contemporary theologies of mission.

ISCL 752 Acts: Biblical & Missiological (3)

This course will focus on the historical, cultural and theological content leading the student toward mastery of the book of Acts. This will be followed by a discussion of cogent missiological themes, such as evangelism, power encounter, contextualization and the supernatural in missions.

ISCL 755 Biblical Morality & Cultural Relativity (3)

A study of the Biblical, cultural and biological approaches to the study of morality and ethics focusing on the claims for a universal or absolute standard by which crosscultural ethics can be evaluated.

ISCL 760 Urban Practicum Internship (3,6)

A program of crosscultural internships in the urban metropolitan area of L.A. By permission of faculty only.

ISCL 765 Crosscultural Leadership (3)

Crosscultural study of leadership including diverse patterns of authority, legitimacy, public support, leadership recruitment, and training as they affect communication, church growth and development worldwide.

ISCL 767 Cross-cultural Issues in Spiritual Formation (3)

An examination of cross-cultural dynamics of Christian spirituality and spiritual formation, and the manner in which spirituality is manifest both personally and in community in differing cultural contexts.

ISCL 772 Experiential Learning (3)

Explores the theory and practice of experiential learning, with particular focus upon curricular creation, pedagogy, and assessment of the experiential teaching and learning process.

ISCL 775 Topics in Context & Crosscultural Theology (1-3)

May be repeated with different focus. Topics include regional developments in crosscultural theologizing (such as Asian, African and Latin American theologies), the history and development of contextualization, and alternative approaches to doing theology such as narrative theology, case study approaches to theology, etc.

ISCL 791 Field Internship (2)

ISCL 792 Field Internship (2)

Integration of all the disciplines of ministry and seminary education. It provides supervised experience in various phases of Christian ministry. One hundred hours of field experience each semester are evaluated in classroom interaction. Required of M.Div. (missions) students. Prerequisites: TTPT 591, 592, 602, 691, 692; Completion of 64 hours of the M.Div. program for TTPT 791, 792.

ISCL 793 Independent Study (1–4)

ISCL 794 Independent Study (1–4)

In-depth investigation of a topic under the guidance of the faculty, using standard research procedures. Topic selection and course enrollment by advisor’s approval.

ISCL 803 Qualitative Research (3)

An advanced course on the ethnographic method, emphasizing rigorous research design and quality control with specific reference to educational research.

ISCL 816 Education Theory (3)

A variety of constructs that have in the past or are currently supportive of educational practice are explored with special attention given to their potential for application in crosscultural context.

ISCL 821 Education in Social Context (3)

The examination of education in its social environment that explores how political, social, economic, and policy issues affect educational theory and practice and how education, in turn, contributes to the broader society.

ISCL 825 Comparative Human Development (3)

Building on the work of such well-known theorists as Piaget and Knowles, this course explores the cross-cultural components of learning and development, and focuses specifically on the adult life span.

ISCL 860 Practicum (1–6)

May be done in Church Planting Urban Studies, Women’s Ministries or other approved church / mission programs. Designed for doctoral students.

ISCL 861 Alternative Delivery Systems in Education (3)

Issues of access to education continue to dominate discussions of training people in the majority world. This course will examine models and practices of distance learning, on-line learning, extension programs, and continuing education and gender access to education in order to address both technological and cultural perspectives. Elective for Th.M. students; others by departmental permission.

ISCL 865 Comprehensive Examination (0)

Following the completion of coursework, the student must register for the comprehensive examination. The student is considered full-time while enrolled for ISCL 865. Fee: $100.

ISCL 866 Comprehensive Examination Extension (0)

If all components of the comprehensive examination have not been successfully completed within the semester, which a student was enrolled, a student may petition the committee for an extension to permit one additional semester for completing the exam. If approved the student will be considered less than half-time. The comprehensive examination must be successfully completed within the second semester. Fee: $100.

ISCL 867 Comparative Educational Systems (3)

An analytical comparison of selected national educational systems emphasizing the cultural value base for decisions regarding access to education, choice of curriculum, educational finance, professional and status issues and other matters of educational theory and practice utilizing comparative methodological approach.

ISCL 873 Tutorial (1–3)

May be repeated with different topics such as intercultural studies, Bible translation, missiology, crosscultural theology, crosscultural education, and crosscultural health care. Designed for doctoral students only.

ISCL 874 Seminars (1–3)

ISCL 879 Research Design (3)

Development and refinement of the doctoral dissertation proposal through preparation, presentation and critique of proposal drafts and examination and discussion of issues related to dissertation research.

ISCL 880 D.Miss. Dissertation (1–8)

Normally a student must take a minimum of two units for up to a maximum of 4 semesters to be considered full-time.

ISCL 881 D.Miss. Dissertation Proposal (2)

After completing the comprehensive exams, the student begins work to finalize the proposal, which includes selecting a chair and a committee, attaining PHRRC permission, successfully defending the proposal to the committee, and making all pre-field research arrangements. Once all these steps are completed, the student is cleared to begin actual field research. The student is considered full-time while enrolled in this course.

ISCL 882 D.Miss. Continuous Enrollment (0)

Students who need extra time to work on first or final draft of the dissertation are required to register for this course to maintain degree status. A student is considered less than halftime status while taking this class. Fee: $100.

ISCL 890 Ph.D. Dissertation Field Research (1-12)

Normally a student must take a minimum of 3 units per semester to be considered full time. A student is considered full time for four semesters while taking this dissertation class.

ISCL 891 Ph.D. Dissertation Proposal (3)

After completing the comprehensive exams, the student begins work to finalize the proposal, which includes seeing it through the process of selecting a chair and a committee, attaining PHRRC permission, and successfully defending the proposal to the committee. Once all these steps are completed, the student is cleared to begin actual field research. The student is considered full-time while enrolled in this course.

ISCL 892 Ph.D. Continuous Research (0)

ISCL 893 Leave of Absence (0)

For students who have been granted an official leave of absence from the program. Fee: $100.

ISCL 895 D.Miss. Research Seminar (1–3)

In-depth investigation of a topic under the guidance of the Intercultural Studies department using standard research procedures. Topic selection and course enrollment is by department approval. Elective.

ISCL 896 Ph.D. Research Seminar (1–3)

Specialized research topics are examined critically in consider able detail with attention to the supporting literature on each topic. May be repeated under a different topic.

ISCL 897 Research Seminar (3)

ISCL 898 Research Seminar (2)

Discussion and application of the central areas of Missions and Intercultural Studies and related fields of study. Instruction in research methodology, including the identification of a problem, the steps taken to resolve it and writing the results. Required for the first semester of the Th.M. (missions) program. A second semester may be taken to continue research in the area of interest. Fee:$50, 891.

Special Studies (ISSS)

The following are special studies courses to assist students in becoming proficient in written grammar and composition skills essential for effective graduate work in TESOL or applied linguistics. Specific enrollment requirements are indicated in each course.

Note: Special Studies courses may not be used to meet program graduation requirements.

ISSS 500 Academic Writing (1–2)

Practical instruction in grammar and composition skills needed to meet the demands of academic writing at the graduate and professional level. Experience in writing papers in relevant academic fields. Required for native English speaking students assigned by the TAL departmental Writing Proficiency Exam. Must be taken within the first nine units of graduate study.

ISSS 501 Advanced Writing for Internationals (1–3)

Grammar, sentence structure, and paragraph development for academic writing. Critical thinking and composition, including extracting information from sources, synthesis, and proper format for written papers. Experience in writing papers in relevant academic fields. Required for non-native English speakers assigned by the TAL departmental Writing Proficiency Exam or students who have completed the Biola ESL sequence or its equivalent. Must be taken within the first 9 units of graduate study.

TESOL (ISTE)

ISTE 525 is a prerequisite for all ISTE courses numbered 600 or higher.

ISTE 509 Structure of English (3)

Study of the syntax of English in preparation for teaching non-native speakers. Theoretical insights taken from several approaches to grammar. May also be completed as a Field Studies course.

ISTE 510 Essentials of TESOL (5)

A practical course giving the skills and knowledge needed to gain foundational competence in teaching the English language. Includes methods and techniques, English pronunciation and grammar, teaching materials, culture, communicating values, and practice teaching. Does not count toward the department’s certificate or M.A. in TESOL.

ISTE 525 Introduction to TESOL — Adult (3)

An introduction to the field of TESOL at the post-secondary and adult levels dealing with learner needs, approaches to and methods of teaching, techniques for the four skills, lesson planning and classroom management. May also be completed as a Field Studies course.

ISTE 525 C Introduction to TESOL — Challenge (3)

Students who have taken a course similar to ISTE 525 may petition the faculty to earn credit by means of a challenge exam. Exam fee: $50.

ISTE 526 Introduction to TESOL — K–12 (3)

An introduction to the field of TESOL at the primary and secondary levels in U.S. multilingual classrooms. The role of the primary language, methods and techniques for teaching the four skills, and assessment are also covered.

ISTE 527 Materials Evaluation & Preparation (3)

Principles of ESOL materials design. Enables teachers to evaluate and adapt published materials, prepare their own materials, and use a variety of media, including video and computers. Prerequisite: ISTE 525.

ISTE 541 Intercultural Communication for Teachers (3)

Study of cultural contexts of English as an international language, culture in the language class and intercultural communication with the goal of increasing intercultural understanding and teaching effectiveness.

ISTE 560 Communicating Values Through TESOL (1)

Consideration of ways in which TESOL may be used to promote crosscultural understanding through the communication of different worldviews and values. Prerequisite: ISTE 525.

ISTE 580 English: Past, Present & Future (2–3)

Historical and social survey of the development of the English language from a small tribal language to the widespread international language it is today. Possible future trends are also discussed.

ISTE 581 Topics in TESOL (1–3)

ISTE 582 Topics in TESOL (1–3)

Topics are listed in the class schedule each semester. Courses may be repeated for credit with a different topic. Prerequisite: ISTE 525. Titles offered include:

Readings in Language Learning Strategies Teaching Pronunciation

Reading in the ESL / EFL Context

Writing in the ESL / EFL Context

TESOL and the Teaching of Literature

Readings in Cultural & Language Learning

Preparing Students to Take the TOEFL

Teaching Vocabulary

Teaching EFL to Children

ISTE 614 Second Language Acquisition (3)

ISTE 714 Second Language Acquisition (3)

Examination of the various factors, especially individual, sociological, and psychological, which enter into the process of acquiring a second language. Includes discussion of learning strategies as well as autonomous learning inside and outside of the classroom. Prerequisite: 525.

ISTE 621 Advanced Methods & Techniques in TESOL (3)

ISTE 721 Advanced Methods & Techniques in TESOL (3)

Introduction to classroom-based research, in-depth examination of various methods and techniques of TESOL, and introduction to teacher training and program administration.

ISTE 632 Language Testing & Assessment (3)

ISTE 732 Language Testing & Assessment (3)

Examination of theory and practice of standardized language tests along with teacher-developed assessment instruments for different language skill areas.

ISTE 635 Technology for Language Learning & Teaching (3)

Exploration through reading, discussion, and hands-on experience of how technology can be creatively exploited as a teaching, learning and assessment tool to support language learning. Prerequisite: 525, 527.

ISTE 644 Discourse & Language Teaching (3)

ISTE 744 Discourse & Language Teaching (3)

Conversation analysis, the analysis of written texts, and discourse across cultures. Focus will be on discourse in the classroom and pedagogical applications.

ISTE 664 English for Specific Purposes (3)

Exploration of issues involved in teaching English to specific groups of students, especially those in scientific, technical, and vocational fields.

ISTE 665 Course Design in TESOL (3)

ISTE 765 Course Design in TESOL (3)

How to develop a language program and design a language course, including needs assessment, methodology choices, goals specifications and implementation issues.

ISTE 690 Independent Study (1–3)

Individual work, directed reading, or special problems in TESOL. Such work must be done with the approval and supervision of a faculty professor of record.

ISTE 691 Field Practicum in TESOL (2–3)

Intensive ESL / EFL classroom teaching in a field setting, typically as part of a supervised team working with a voluntary agency. Elective, by department permission only.

ISTE 692 Practicum in TESOL II (3)

Extensive independent teaching in an ESL classroom under the general supervision of a master teacher, plus weekly group discussion of issues in language pedagogy. Credit for course may be earned, on the basis of some field-based situations, by portfolio assessment. Lab fee: $50.

ISTE 695 Research Seminar (1)

Guidance in the development of a thesis or research paper. Students produce a preliminary thesis statement, proposal, outline, and working bibliography. Prerequisites: permission of instructor.

ISTE 696 Research Paper (1)

A paper based on classroom research, literature review, or the design of a syllabus or appropriate teaching materials. Prerequisite: ISTE 695 or equivalent.

ISTE 697 Portfolio (0)

Documentation of accomplishments in the area of teaching, research, and professional development. Details can be found in the TAL Handbook.

ISTE 699 M.A. Thesis (3)

Research for and writing of an M.A. thesis. Prerequisite: ISTE 695 or equivalent and consent of M.A. committee. Students permitted to write a thesis will not be required to do a portfolio.

ISTE 799 Research Continuous Registration (0)

Students who are not registered for any other courses and who need extra time are required to register for this course each semester to maintain their degree status. Fee: $100.

ISTE 881 Topics in TESOL (1–3)

ISTE 882 Topics in TESOL (1–3)

Topics are listed in the class schedule each semester. Courses may be repeated once for credit with a different topic.

ISTE 890 Independent Study (1–3)

Individual work, directed reading, or special problems in applied linguistics. Such work must be done with the approval and supervision of a faculty professor of record.

Applied Linguistics (ISAL)

ISAL 520 or the equivalent is a prerequisite for all ISAL courses. May be taken concurrently with basic 500–level courses.

ISAL 511 Applied Linguistics (3)

Introduction to theoretical and practical issues in applied linguistics, focusing on several important areas; e.g., bilingual education, lexicography, literacy, orthography design, social dialects and education and translation.

ISAL 520 Introduction to Language & Linguistics (3)

Introduction to basic concepts in the scientific study of language, major areas of linguistic analysis, and several subareas of the field, including language in society. Material from English and a variety of other languages is used to provide a broad perspective. Prerequisite for graduate courses in Applied Linguistics for program majors.

ISAL 521 General Articulatory Phonetics (3)

The study of the articulation, classification, discrimination, production, and transcription of speech sounds. The focus is on a wide range of sounds found in the world’s languages.

ISAL 522 Phonetics & Phonology of English (3)

The study of the auditory discrimination, physical description, and systematic transcription of speech sounds, both standard and disordered, used in English and how these sounds are structured, organized and used. Some sounds from other languages are also included for comparison.

ISAL 523 Introduction to Phonology (3)

Introduction to the systematic arrangements and rules by which languages organize and alter their speech sounds. Prerequisite: 521.

ISAL 525 Introduction to Syntax (3)

Introduction to the patterns, regularities, and rule-governed alterations in grammar whereby words are organized into phrases, clauses, and sentences. Prerequisite: 520.

ISAL 529 Introduction to Semantics & Pragmatics (3)

Study of meaning systems in language and how meaning is conveyed in linguistic and social contexts. Prerequisite: 520.

ISAL 535 Introduction to Bible Translation (3)

An introduction to the principles and problems of cross-language and crosscultural communication with special emphasis on translating the Bible into indigenous languages.

ISAL 537 Introduction to Literacy (3)

An overview of literacy in neoliterate societies, including motivation, local authorship, orthography design, reading methodology, strategies for literacy programs, and the relationship of literacy to social context. Does not count toward the concentration in literacy.

ISAL 543 Literacy in Social Context (3)

An exploration of vernacular and bilingual literacies within their social setting, including such factors as social environment, economy, and religion. Attention is given to the impact of social and linguistic factors on literacy program design, implementation, and management.

ISAL 544 Literacy Methods & Materials (3)

Examination of different theories and methods used to teach literacy and to prepare primers and other reading materials in minority languages.

ISAL 546 Reading & Literacy Theory (3)

A survey of both reading theory (cognitive and psycholinguistic) and literacy theory (vernacular, functional, and national), with emphasis given to the development of integrated literacy education programs.

ISAL 622 Phonological Theory (3)

ISAL 722 Phonological Theory (3)

Special problems in phonological analysis from various languages. Includes abstract phonology. Prerequisite: 523.

ISAL 624 Syntactic Theory (3)

ISAL 724 Syntactic Theory (3)

Study of several current models of syntax with application to the analysis and description of various languages. Prerequisite: 525.

ISAL 626 Approaches to Translation (3)

ISAL 726 Approaches to Translation (3)

Study of the theory and practice of translation, including secular and sacred texts, prose and poetry. Prerequisite: 529.

ISAL 641 Language Surveys (3)

ISAL 741 Language Surveys (3)

Introduction to the principles and methods of collecting, quantifying, and interpreting data on linguistic similarity, intelligibility, language attitudes, bilingualism, and language change. Prerequisites: 521 & 646. A tape recorder will be needed. Offered in odd-numbered years.

ISAL 643 Lexicography (3)

Examination of the history, theory, and practice of dictionary making. Among the topics covered are lexical analysis; syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic information; definitions and citations; usage; users and uses of monolingual and bilingual dictionaries; and techniques and technology used in compiling and producing a dictionary. Prerequisite: 529. Offered in even-numbered years.

ISAL 646 Sociolinguistics (3)

ISAL 746 Sociolinguistics (3)

Overview of the relationship between language and society. Topics covered include language and culture, language and social change, ethnicity, language contact, language policy, and ethnography of communication. Offered in odd-numbered years.

ISAL 648 Discourse & Text Analysis (3)

ISAL 748 Discourse & Text Analysis (3)

Examination of language beyond the sentence level. Covers the analysis of oral and written secular and sacred texts within their social or literary contexts. Offered in even-numbered years.

ISAL 652 Field Methods in Second Language & Culture Learning (3)

ISAL 752 Field Methods in Second Language & Culture Learning (3)

Overview of language and culture learning theories and skills. Topics covered include working with a cross-cultural partner, language learning styles, cultural bias, language and culture data management skills and comparison of cultural bias with biblical principles.

ISAL 654 Field Methods in Linguistics (3)

Extensive working with speakers of non-Indo-European languages, with special emphasis on collecting and analyzing language data leading to descriptions of phonology and syntax. Prerequisites: 523, 525. Fee: $100.

ISAL 655 Practicum in Language & Culture Learning (3)

Applying the theory and practice of the LAMP method in a field situation in order to learn to speak another language in its cultural context. Fee: $100.

ISAL 656 Practicum in Literacy (3)

Field experience within the broad area of literacy. Credit for course may be earned, in some field-based situations, by portfolio assessment.

ISAL 657 Practicum in Applied Linguistics (3)

Field experience in various areas of applied linguistics, such as lexicography, orthography design and translation. May be repeated for credit with a different topic.

ISAL 658 Practicum in Linguistics (3)

Fieldwork in the analysis and description of language systems or language use, such as phonology, syntax, and sociolinguistics. May be repeated for credit with a different focus.

ISAL 668 Seminar in Applied Linguistics (3)

ISAL 868 Seminar in Applied Linguistics (3)

In-depth examination of some main areas of applied linguistics. Topics vary, depending on class interests.

ISAL 679 Planning, Evaluation, & Research in Applied Linguistics (3)

ISAL 879 Planning, Evaluation, & Research in Applied Linguistics (3)

In-depth treatment of program planning and evaluation, using appropriate qualitative and quantitative assessment instruments. Case studies of applied linguistic research will also be examined.

ISAL 683 Topics in Linguistics (1–3)

ISAL 684 Topics in Linguistics (1–3)

Topics are listed in the class schedule each semester. Courses may be repeated once for credit with a different topic. Titles offered include:

The Linguistics of Biblical Languages

Historical Linguistics

ISAL 685 Topics in Applied Linguistics (1–3)

ISAL 686 Topics in Applied Linguistics (1–3)

ISAL 885 Topics in Applied Linguistics (1–3)

ISAL 886 Topics in Applied Linguistics (1–3)

Topics are listed in the class schedule each semester. Courses may be repeated once for credit with a different topic. Titles offered include:

Literacy and Economics

Monolingual and Bilingual Dictionaries

English as a World Language

Computers and Language Acquisition

ISAL 690 Independent Study (1–3)

ISAL 890 Independent Study (1–3)

Individual work, directed reading, or special problems in applied linguistics. Such work must be done with the approval and supervision of a faculty professor of record.

ISAL 695 Research Seminar (1)

Guidance in the development of a thesis or research paper. Students produce a preliminary thesis statement, proposal, outline, and working bibliography. Prerequisites: permission of instructor and no more than six units of coursework remaining.

ISAL 696 Research Paper (1)

A paper based on classroom research, literature review, or the design of a syllabus or appropriate teaching materials. Prerequisite: ISAL 695 or equivalent.

ISAL 697 Comprehensive Examination (0)

An examination covering the major knowledge areas of the field. Normally taken after all ISAL / ISTE coursework has been completed. Students permitted to write a thesis will not be required to take a comprehensive examination.

ISAL 699 M.A. Thesis (3)

Research for and writing of an M.A. thesis. Students permitted to write a thesis will not be required to take a comprehensive examination. Prerequisite: ISAL 695 or equivalent and consent of M.A. committee.

ISAL 799 Research Continuous Registration (0)

Students who are not registered for any other courses and who need extra time are required to register for this course each semester to maintain their degree status. Fee: $100.

Anthropology (ISAN)

ISAN 501 Essentials of Archaeology (3)

An examination of the methodology and theories of the archaeological approach to the study of humankind form the earliest times to the present and how to interpret such data in respect to political, economic and social organization as well as analyze adaptation and change. Designed for graduate students who have not had sufficient background in archaeological prerequisites.

ISAN 502 Essentials of Physical Anthropology (3)

A survey of the physical nature of humans from an anthropological perspective. Explores ideas and concepts in scientific method, genetics, human variation, primate behavior, fossil humans and archeology. The laboratory (3 hours per week) will consist of a hands-on study of specimen and an examination of the relationship between human biology and the influence of culture. Designed for graduate students who have not had sufficient background in physical anthropology.

ISAN 503 Linguistic Anthropology (3)

An examination of the interdependence of language, interaction and culture in society. It examines the relationship between cognition and behavior to language in communities worldwide. Topics include the structure of language and interaction, symbols and metaphors, language and identity, language and cognition, classification of experience, and language and power.

ISAN 505 History of Anthropological Theory (3)

Examination of the theories and principle figures contributing to the development of modern anthropological inquiry, research strategies and field methods.

ISAN 507 Cultural Anthropology (3)

Examination of the theoretical perspectives of anthropology combined with a study of cultural subsystems, ideology and culture change with a special emphasis on how a Christian worldview informs the study of people and culture. Designed for graduate students who do not have a sufficient background in cultural anthropology.

ISAN 511 Anthropology of Religion (3)

A treatment of conceptions of the supernatural, the function of religion in society, religion and social control, the nature of religious ritual and paraphernalia, sacred laces and religious practitioners.

ISAN 513 Comparative Folklore and Mythology (3)

Across-cultural comparison of the oral traditions of cultures including an examination of the major themes, cultural uses of myth, and the anthropological analysis and interpretation of the folk literature in society.

ISAN 515 New Religious Movements (3)

Examines the role of religion and belief systems as they affect the appearance and direction of a variety of revitalization movements found in Africa, North America, Brazil, Asia, and the Pacific.

ISAN 521 Contemporary Anthropological Theory (3)

Examination of recent developments since the 1950's in anthropological theory including such topics as post-colonialism, post-modernism, semiotics, psychological anthropology and feminist theoretical approaches.

ISAN 523 Ethnographic Research Methods (3)

Techniques of field methods including genealogies, participant observation, life history, mapping, and structured interviews. Includes strategies for collecting and organizing data for later analysis.

ISAN 527 Village and Tribal Studies (3)

Analysis of the cultural institutions and values in tribal, peasant and newly emerging economies with special consideration as to their openness or resistance to change.

ISAN 528 Cultures of the World (3)

A study of specific cultural areas with an emphasis on customs and social structures, religions, arts and history. May be repeated with different course content.

ISAN 531 Sign, Symbol and Structure (3)

Exploration of approaches, methods, and theory in the interrelated fields of semiotics, symbolic anthropology and structural anthropology, Focuses on ways in which anthropologists examine social and psychological structures, mental entities and lived experience, and symbolic contrasts and correspondences.

ISAN 541 Urban Anthropology (3)

Examination of the growth of cities, patterns of migration, social effects of urbanization, the growth of urban ethic enclaves, and relationships to surrounding communities with an emphasis on research strategies appropriate to an urban context.

ISAN 543 Urbanization in Developing Countries (3)

Examination of the rural-migration patterns and growth of megalopolis in developing countries, including a study of the impact of industrialization, globalization and the continuing problem of economic inequalities.

ISAN 551 Anthropology of Gender (3)

The dynamics of male and female roles in western, non-western and biblical cultures. Focuses on responsibilities, obligations, expectations, leadership and inter-relationships as they relate to the society as a whole.

ISAN 555 Kinship & Family in Cross-cultural Perspective (3)

Cross-cultural study of the basic human groups of family, kin and community, examining marriage patterns and gender roles within families.

ISAN 561 Economic Anthropology (3)

The study of economic and social relations as they impact human values, with emphasis on analytic tools for comparative research and cross-cultural comparisons.

ISAN 563 Poverty & the City (3)

Examines contemporary concerns of inhabitants in the city for justice, employment, housing and education. Special emphasis is given to programs aimed at addressing poverty issues in an urban context.

ISAN 571 Introduction to International Development (3)

Key theories, models and macro concerns in development, and historic overview of the practice of relief and development. Exploration of topics such as poverty, gender, human rights, debt, nationalism and economic development, globalization, and transformation/holistic development. Provides a broad survey of development concepts, trends and challenges.

ISAN 573 Micro Issues in Relief & Development (3)

Examines micro issues in relief and development such as sustainable agriculture, HIV/AIDS and other health issues, literacy, the environment, food security, micro-enterprise development, gender, migration issues, internally displaced persons, refugee response and the role of NGO's and faith-based organizations/agencies in working with complex humanitarian emergencies. Prerequisites: ISAN 571

ISAN 575 Community Development Models & Strategies (3)

Exposure to various models for engagement in development projects and practice, assessment of participatory learning and action approaches, examination of the role of expatriates in community development, analysis of the complexities of community participation, exploration of the role of transformational development practitioners in sustainable economic development and community organizing. Prerequisites: ISAN 571

ISAN 577 Project Design & Assessment (3)

Examination of the planning, design, implementation, and evaluation/assessment of a development project. Special emphasis on project funding and support, project supervision, project partnership issues, governmental and nongovernmental relationships, and participatory evaluation methods. Prerequisites: ISAN 571

ISAN 581 Archaeology Methods & Theories (3)

Survey of approaches, methods and theory used in current and past archaeological research. The class addresses the use of assumptions, models, strategies, and research designs. Prerequisites: ISAN 501 or consent of instructor

ISAN 582 Field Methods in Archaeology (3)

Examines the principles of archaeological site survey, excavation and laboratory operation. Focused on hands-on study of the methodology of field and laboratory processes commonly used to recover and study the wide range of materials recovered from archaeological contexts.

ISAN 583 Internship in Archaeology (1–3)

Students may spend four weeks or more in a field learning situation, during which time a student under supervision engages in the application of archaeological methods in a current archaeological excavation. Prerequisites: ISAN 581 & 582

ISAN 584 World Archaeology (3)

Survey of the development of ancient culture and society throughout the world. Regional development of cultures and general themes of social behavior are explored with a focus on adaptation, social organization, technology and culture change.

ISAN 586 Biblical Archaeology: Ancient Near East (3)

The history of archeology and literature of the ancient near east and the bearing of archaeological findings on the interpretation of the Old Testament. Prerequisites: ISAN 501, TTBE 519 or consent of the instructor

ISAN 587 Biblical Archaeology: Palestine (3)

The history of excavation, the history and geography of Palestine and how archaeological findings have bearing upon Biblical interpretation. Prerequisites: ISAN 501, TTBE 519

ISAN 588 California Native Americans (3)

Survey of native California groups indigenous to the state at the beginning of the historic period. Environmental and technological adaptations, social organization, religious systems, art, and culture change are explored. Prerequisites: ISAN 509 or consent of the instructor

ISAN 589 Bioarchaeology (3)

Exploration of the theory and methods of the study and preservation of human skeletal remains from archaeological sites. Topics include nutrition, disease, injury, and population history.

ISAN 591 Human Paleontology (3)

Survey of the human fossil record focusing on the functional and behavioral significance of important morphological changes within the fossil record. Prerequisites: ISAN 502

ISAN 593 Human Variation (3)

Study of the processes and theories for the existence of the present variation between and within human populations, the genetics of human populations and the significance of racial classifications. Prerequisites: ISAN 502

ISAN 595 Human Osteology (3)

Techniques in the basic identification of human skeletal remains, including aging, sex, race and stature reconstruction. Prerequisites: ISAN 502

ISAN 601 Proseminar (3)

Integrative seminar focusing on the most contemporary developments in each of the five fields of anthropological inquiry. Prerequisites: Must have already completed introductory courses in archaeology, physical anthropology, cultural anthropology, and linguistic anthropology.

ISAN 603 Master's Thesis (3)

Under the direction of a mentor, the student selects a topic of inquiry and engages in a major research thereby demonstrating familiarity with research techniques, bibliographical resources and, writing capabilities.

ISAN 621 Practicum in Anthropology (1–4)

Field based work study program under supervision. Prerequisites: Approval of academic advisor required.

ISAN 623 Independent Study (1–4)

Independent study in archeological topic or area.

ISAN 624 Independent Study (1–4)

In-depth investigation of a topic under the guidance of the faculty, using standard research procedures. Topic selection by advisor's approval. Prerequisites: Advisor's consent

ISAN 631 Topics in Cultural Anthropology (1–3)

Consideration of topics not regularly scheduled by faculty. May be repeated with different content. When Offered: Depends upon faculty availability and sufficient student interest.

ISAN 633 Topics in Culture Change (1–3)

In-depth examination of both the theory and experience of culture change in various historical and cultural contexts. May be repeated with different content.

ISAN 635 Tutorial (1–3)

Specialized study under supervision on a topic of special interest pertinent to the student's area of inquiry. Requires interaction with both a faculty advisor and the student's peers. May be repeated with different content.

ISAN 641 Topics in Political Anthropology (3)

Examination of regional styles of leadership, of political conflicts, of competition for positions of leadership, and the nature in which power is allocated and used in various cultural contexts. May be repeated with different topics.

ISAN 671 Applied Anthropology (3)

Study of man, culture and environment with special emphasis on the manner in which their relationship with one another is affected by change agents.

ISAN 673 Topics in Development1 (3)

Studies in selected issues related to relief and development. May be repeated with different content.

ISAN 681 Topics in Archaeology (1–3)

Studies in selected issues in archaeology. May be repeated with different content.

ISAN 691 Seminar in Advanced Archaeology (1–3)

In-depth analysis of specific archaeological concerns for advanced students. May be repeated with different content.

ISAN 693 Seminar in Advanced Physical Anthropology (1–3)

In-depth study of an issue or topic in physical anthropology. May be repeated with different content.

ISAN 711 Research Design (3)

Methods for analyzing data, developing a research proposal, and organizing research results into an academic format.

ISAN 721 Anthropological Theory in Practice (3)

An examination of the theories and principle figures who have contributed to the development of modern anthropological inquiry and the manner in which such theories have affected contemporary usage in missiological inquiry and cross-cultural research.

ISAN 731 Culture, Cognition & World View (3)

An examination of the role of ideas in the formation, maintenance and/or stimulus for change in cultures. Includes a study of the development of anthropological theories and methods for understanding cultural knowledge and issues relating to cognition, culture and meaning.

ISAN 741 Anthropology of Leadership (3)

Cross-cultural study of leadership including diverse patterns of authority, legitimacy, public support, leadership recruitment, and training.

ISAN 751 Social Anthropology (3)

Examination of the manner in which people in culture organize human relationships, allocate power, distribute labor, and work to sustain the well-being of the society.